Italy's Elective Residence Visa (ERV) is the passive-income route into Italian life: demonstrate ~€32,000+ per year per applicant (consulate

Spain closed its golden visa in April 2025, but Spain didn't close: the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) remains the passive-income door — show ~€28

Portugal's D2 is the golden visa's scrappy sibling: residence for entrepreneurs opening or relocating a business to Portugal — no €500,000 f

Beyond the MPRP headline product, Malta runs the Global Residence Programme: a special tax status for non-EU nationals renting (from €8,750/