Direct answer: Portuguese citizenship arrives after FIVE years of legal residence (golden visa, D7, D8, work — all count), A2 Portuguese (th

Direct answer: Swedish permanent residency arrives after FOUR years of work-permit residence within a seven-year window — plus self-sufficie

Direct answer: Swiss permanent residency (the C permit) arrives after FIVE years for EU/EFTA and US/Canadian nationals — or TEN years for mo

Direct answer: Japanese PR arrives at TEN years' residence on the standard road — or ONE-to-THREE years via the Highly Skilled Professional