Direct answer: the 2024 reform made German citizenship a FIVE-year prize (THREE with exceptional integration — C1 German plus achievements),

Direct answer: French citizenship by decree takes FIVE years' residence (TWO with a French master's degree), B1 French heading to B2 (the ti

Direct answer: Italian citizenship flows through DESCENT (parent/grandparent born in Italy post-2025-decree — no residence needed), MARRIAGE

Direct answer: Spanish citizenship by residence takes TEN years — or TWO for Ibero-American, Filipino, Andorran and Sephardic-origin nationa