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Citizenship & Residency Resource Center

Independent, jargon-free guidance on second citizenship and residence by investment — the guides, data indexes, program comparisons and definitions our clients rely on. No sales pitch: just the facts you need to plan.

Essential Guides

Data & Indexes

Programs by Country

Glossary of Key Terms

Citizenship by Investment (CBI)
A legal route to a second nationality and passport in exchange for a qualifying, government-approved investment or contribution.
Residence by Investment (RBI)
A residence permit granted for a qualifying investment — property, funds or business — often a path toward later naturalisation.
Golden Visa
A popular name for a residence-by-investment permit, typically in the EU or Gulf, granting travel and settlement rights.
Due Diligence
The background and source-of-funds vetting every applicant undergoes; the reason reputable programs keep their treaty access.
Source of Funds
Documented, lawful origin of the money used to invest — the single most important part of any application file.
Visa-Free Access
Countries a passport holder may enter without a prior visa; a core measure of a passport’s real-world mobility.
Naturalisation
Acquiring citizenship after meeting a program’s residence, physical-presence or time requirements.
Donation Route
A non-refundable contribution to a government fund — the fastest, simplest CBI path.
Real-Estate Route
Qualifying by purchasing approved property; recoverable after a holding period but with market and exit risk.
Physical Presence
The minimum days a program requires you to spend in-country to keep or convert your status.
Second Passport
A legally issued travel document from a second country of citizenship, expanding mobility and options.
E-2 Treaty
A US visa category some CBI nationalities (e.g. Grenada, Türkiye) can use to live and run a business in the United States.
Permanent Residency
Indefinite right to live in a country, usually with fewer obligations than citizenship.
Processing Time
The end-to-end duration from application to approval — varies from ~2 months to over a year by program.
Dependents
Family members — spouse, children, sometimes parents and siblings — who can be included in one application.

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